1. Intangiriro ngufi
Ingano y'umuvuduko ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'icyuma gipompa imirasire, inshingano yacyo ni ukuringaniza igice gipompa. Itandukaniro mu gusimburana kw'imizigo mu gihe cyo kuzamuka no kumanuka, kuko umutwe w'indogobe ari wo utwarauburemere bw'ibizigat y'inkingi y'amazi ikora ku gice cya piston n'uburemere bw'inkingi y'icyuma gisukira mu mazi, ndetse no gukururana, ubunebwe, kunyeganyega n'indi mitwaro mu gihe cyo kuzamura icyuma gisukira. Itanga ingufu nyinshi: bitewe n'uburemere bw'icyuma gisukira mu gihe cyo kumanuka, umutwe w'indogobe ufite imbaraga zo gukurura hasi gusa. Ntabwo moteri ikenera gusa kwishyura ingufu, ahubwo ikora kuri moteri. Kubera ko umutwaro w'icyuma cyo hejuru n'icyo hasi utandukanye cyane, moteri ni nziza cyane. Biroroshye gutwika, bigatuma icyuma gisukira kidakora neza. Kugira ngo ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru bikemuke, hagomba gukoreshwa igikoresho cyo kuringaniza kugira ngo bigabanye itandukaniro ry'umutwaro hagati y'icyuma cyo hejuru n'icyo hasi, kugira ngo ibikoresho bishobore gukora neza.
Itsindauburemere bw'ibizigaifatanye neza na crank hakoreshejwe bolts zo mu bwoko bwa "T". Iyo crank izunguruka, habaho kugenda uruziga. Uburemere bwauburemere bw'ibizigairi hagati ya 500-1500kg. kuri crank. Mu gice cyo kuvoma imirasire, crank iringaniye ikoreshwa muri rusange ku mashini ziremereye. Umutwaro wo hasi ni munini cyane, kandi ingaruka z'imitwaro itandukanye isimburana ituma plank iringaniye yoroshye kurekura. Iyo plank iringaniye irekuye ikagwa, izatera plank. Impanuka nk'inkoni zigoramye, crank zacitse, n'ibikoresho byo kuvoma ntabwo byangiza cyane ibikoresho byo ku ruziga gusa, ahubwo bizanashyira mu kaga umutekano w'umuntu ku giti cye. Kubwibyo, ni ingenzi cyane gusesengura impamvu plank iringaniye y'igice cyo kuvoma irekuye no gufata ingamba zijyanye nayo kugira ngo bigabanye impanuka no kwemeza ko ibikoresho byo kuvoma bikora neza.
2. Impamvu ituma icyuma kidakora neza
Impamvu nyamukuru zituma ubwoko bwa "T" bugabanukaimbuto z'umufukaIyo imashini ikora amavuta ni ibi bikurikira:
(1) Kudatanga umusaruro uhagije mbere y'uko usohoka Cyangwa, mu butwari, kugira ngo shokora igende neza, arikoimbuto z'umufukaBigomba gushyirwaho imbaraga mbere y'igihe. Ingorane zo gukomeza imigozi ziragabanuka cyane. Ihatire cyane gutsinda ikizamini cyo kwiyishingikirizaho ku mugozi. Hari imbaraga nyinshi iyo bigeze ku rugamba rukomeye kugira ngo uhagarike amarushanwa kugeragezwa. Ntibyoroshye gukomeza imigozi, bigatuma uburemere bw'imigozi bugabanuka byoroshye.
(2) Hari inenge muri doubleimbutoUburyo bwo gufunga: Gufunga insinga ebyiri ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kurwanya gufunga insinga mu bikorwa bigezweho. Ifite ibyiza byo gutunganya neza, guhagarara neza no kwizerwa, no gusenya no guteranya byoroshye. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora peteroli, gutunganya no gukora, ariko ishobora gusa kuzuza ibisabwa muri rusange byo gufunga. Ingaruka si nziza iyo habayeho gusimburana igihe kirekire, kuko guhuza hagati y’imigozi ni uburyo bwo gushyiramo insinga, kandi insinga z’imbere n’insinga zo hanze bihura neza buhoro buhoro mu gihe cyo gufunga, kandi insinga zo hanze zikoresha imbaraga zo hanze, zigatanga imbaraga zo gufunga zinyuranyije n’icyerekezo cyo gufunga, zikabuza insinga gufunga, bityo zikagira uruhare rwo gufunga. Ariko, bitewe n’icyuho kiri hagati y’insinga n’insinga, umutwaro uhora uhinduka mu gihe cy’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho, ku buryo imbaraga zo gufunga hagati y’insinga z’imbere n’izo hanze zihinduka, kandi isano ry’insinga rigatandukana gato. Uku gufunga bizakomeza kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda kugeza insinga iguye.
(3) Ubwiza budafite aho buhuriye n'uburyo bwo gutunganya imigozi Ubwiza bw'ibice by'imigozi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku migozi ihuza. Icyuho cy'imigozi gisanzwe ntikingana. Iyo icyuho cy'imigozi ari kinini, icyuho cyo guhuza kiriyongera, ku buryo imbaraga zo gukomeza imigozi zitagera ku cyifuzo, kandi biragoye gutera uburyaryate buhagije. Yihutisha kurekura imigozi munsi y'umutwaro usimburana; iyo icyuho cy'imigozi ari gito, agace k'imigozi y'imbere n'iy'inyuma kaba gato, kandi iyo umutwaro ukozwe, igice cy'umugozi gitwara umutwaro wose, bigabanya imbaraga z'imigozi kandi byihutisha ikosa ry'imigozi.
(4) Ubwiza bw'aho ishyirwa ntabwo bwujuje ibisabwa. Mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho, ubuso bugomba kuba bugororotse kandi busukuye, kandi icyuho ntarengwa ntikigomba kurenza mm 0.04. Bitabaye ibyo, hagomba gukoreshwa icyuma gipima cyangwa dosiye mu kuyipima. Niba imiterere idahari, hashobora gukoreshwa ibati rito kugira ngo iringanize. Iyo hari umwanda wa peteroli hagati y'ubuso bubiri buhuza, imigozi y'icyuma ntizafatwa neza, kandi bizoroha kuyikuramo no kuyimeneka.
(5) Bitewe n'izindi mpamvu, nko kunyeganyega k'umubiri iyo icyuma gitanga amazi gihagaze na feri, impinduka itunguranye y'umuvuduko wo hasi, n'ibindi, biroroshye gutuma igiti cy'icyuma gifunga umwuka kigabanuka.
3. Ingamba zo kwirinda
Kugira ngo hirindwe ko umugozi uhuza imigozi urekurauburemere bw'ibiziga, ingamba zikurikira zijyanye nazo zigomba gufatwa uhereye ku ngingo eshatu z’igishushanyo mbonera, ikorwa n’ishyirwaho ryacyo.
(1) Kunoza uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibintu mbere yo gupakira. Ni ukuvuga ko uburyo bwa siyansi bukoreshwa mu gushyiramo torque yo gukaza ihuye n'ibyo isabwa ku ma bolts yo gukaza kugira ngo harebwe ko umugozi uhuye n'imbaraga zisabwa mbere yo gukaza. Dukurikije ibisabwa mbere yo gukaza ama bolts yo gufunga, torque ntarengwa yemewe yo gukaza ama bolts ya M42-M48 igomba kugera kuri 312-416KGM. Dukurikije ubunararibonye bwo mu kibuga, nta kibazo iyo umugozi uvunitse gato.
(2) Kongeramo ingamba zo gukumira gufunga Kugira ngo ibikoresho bikomeze gukora neza igihe kirekire, ntibihagije gukoresha imbaraga zikwiye zo gufunga mbere y’igihe, kandi ingamba zimwe na zimwe zigomba gufatwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko imigozi ifunga. Ingamba zisanzwe zo gukumira gufunga zirimo izi enye zikurikira:
a.Gukururana kugira ngo wirinde gukururana. Ubu buryo busa n'uburyo bwo kongera imbaraga zo gukururana mbere yo gukururana. Mu kongeramo ibikoresho, ibyo bikoresho bihuza bitanga umuvuduko uhoraho, bityo byongera imbaraga zo gukururana hagati y'ibyo bikoresho kugira ngo bitazunguruka. Uburyo busanzwe burimo: ibikoresho byo kumesa, ibikoresho bibiri, ibikoresho byigenga, nibindi. Ubu buryo bwo kwirinda gukururana bworoshye gukoresha kandi bworoshye gusenya, ariko biroroshye gukururana mugihe cy'imizigo myinshi isimburana.
b.Ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa mekanike mu kurwanya gukurura. Guhinduranya imigozi hagati y’imigozi birindwa no kongeramo agafunga. Urugero, gukoresha uduce duto, insinga zigendanwa n’udupira two gukaraba. Ubu buryo butuma gukatagura bitagenda neza, kandi agafunga kakangirika byoroshye.
c.Gutera imigozi kugira ngo idacika intege. Gusudira, gushonga no gukora ibindi bikorwa nyuma yo gupakira mbere, ibyo bigasenya imiterere y'umugozi bigatuma umugozi utakaza imiterere y'umugozi uhuza ibintu bibiri kandi ukaba umuyoboro udashobora gutandukana. Ingorane z'ubu buryo ni uko bushobora gukoreshwa rimwe gusa kandi imigozi igomba gusenywa burundu iyo ivanzwe.
d.Uburyo bwo kwirinda kurekura. Hakoreshejwe imigozi igabanyijemo ibice, imigozi myiza n'iy'inyuma bihurizwa hamwe mu mugozi umwe, bityo bigahindura imiterere y'umugozi. Umugozi umwe ushobora gushyirwamo umugozi uzunguruka neza cyangwa umugozi uzunguruka inyuma. Mu cyerekezo gitandukanye, gufungana, ni ukuvuga uburyo umugozi wa Down ubuza kurekura.
Mu bihe bigoye byo gukora, bitewe n'ingaruka z'igihe kirekire z'ibihe bitandukanye nko guhindagura no gukubita, nut yo gufunga n'nut yo gufunga byombi bikunze kurekura, ariko nut yo gufunga ikoresha torque inyura ku isaha kuri nut yo gufunga iyo yoherejwe inyuma no inyuma. , kandi iyi torque izakomeza gufunga nut yo gufunga kuri nut yo gufunga, kandi nut zombi zizafatanya ku buryo guhuza kw'imigozi kudashobora kurekura. Umugozi wo hasi ntukeneye kongeramo ibikoresho. Ushingira gusa ku nut ebyiri zifite icyerekezo gitandukanye kugira ngo zihuzwe muri bolt imwe, kandi nut zombi zifatanye. Igikorwa ni cyoroshye, gitekanye kandi cyizewe, ariko imiterere y'umugozi uvanze ku mugozi wo hanze iragoye cyane. Ibisabwa mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ni byinshi. Mu gice cyo gupompa imirasire, bitewe n'ingaruka z'umutwaro usimburana no guhindagura, kurekura imigozi yo gufunga yauburemere bw'ibizigabirakunze kugaragara cyane, kandi gukoresha umugozi wa Down mu gukumira gucika intege bishobora gukemura iki kibazo neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 16 Nzeri 2022
