1. Ikizamini cya Theoretical hamwe nisesengura
Muri 3amapineingero zitangwa nisosiyete, 2 ni valve, na 1 ni valve itarakoreshwa. Kuri A na B, valve itakoreshejwe irangwa nkimvi. Igishushanyo Cyuzuye 1. Ubuso bwinyuma bwa valve A ni buke, hejuru yinyuma ya valve B nubuso, hejuru yinyuma ya valve C nubuso, naho ubuso bwa valve C nubuso. Indangagaciro A na B zitwikiriwe nibicuruzwa byangirika. Umuyoboro A na B wacitse ku kugunama, igice cyo hanze cyunamye kiri hafi ya valve, umunwa wimpeta umunwa B wacitse ugana ku ndunduro, naho umwambi wera hagati yubuso bwacitse hejuru yubuso A bwashyizweho ikimenyetso. . Uhereye hejuru, ibice biri hose, ibice ni binini, kandi ibice biri hose.
Igice cyaipineIngero za A, B, na C zaciwe zunamye, kandi morphologie yo hejuru yagaragaye hamwe na ZEISS-SUPRA55 yogusuzuma microscope ya electron, hanyuma agace ka micye gasesengurwa hamwe na EDS. Igishushanyo 2 (a) cyerekana microstructure yubuso bwa valve B. Birashobora kugaragara ko hejuru yibice byinshi byera kandi byerurutse hejuru (byerekanwa numwambi wera mubishushanyo), kandi EDS isesengura ryibice byera bifite ibintu byinshi bya S. Isesengura ryingufu zisesengura ryibisubizo byera. zerekanwa mu gishushanyo cya 2 (b).
Igishushanyo cya 2 (c) na (e) ni microstructures yubuso bwa valve B. Birashobora kugaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2 (c) ko ubuso butwikiriwe hafi nibicuruzwa byangirika, hamwe nibintu byangirika byibicuruzwa byangirika hakoreshejwe isesengura ryingufu cyane harimo S, Cl na O, ibikubiye muri S mumwanya wihariye ni hejuru, kandi ibisubizo byisesengura ryingufu byerekanwe mubishusho 2 (d). Birashobora kugaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2 (e) ko hari uduce duto duto ku mpeta ya valve hejuru ya valve A. Igishushanyo cya 2 (f) na (g) ni micro-morphologie yo hejuru ya valve C, ubuso nabwo ni bitwikiriwe rwose nibicuruzwa byangirika, nibintu byangirika nabyo birimo S, Cl na O, bisa nishusho 2 (e). Impamvu yo kumeneka irashobora kuba impagarara zangirika (SCC) uhereye kubisesengura ryibicuruzwa byangirika hejuru ya valve. Igishushanyo cya 2 (h) nacyo ni microstructure yubuso bwa valve C. Birashobora kugaragara ko ubuso busa neza, kandi imiterere yimiti yubuso bwasesenguwe na EDS isa niy'umuringa wumuringa, byerekana ko valve ari ntabwo byangiritse. Mugereranije microscopique morphologie hamwe nibigize imiti yibice bitatu bya valve, herekanwa ko hari itangazamakuru ryangirika nka S, O na Cl mubidukikije.
Igice cya valve B cyafunguwe hifashishijwe ikizamini cyo kugunama, basanga icyuho kitinjiye mu gice cyose cyambukiranya valve, cyacitse ku ruhande rwinyuma, kandi nticyacitse ku ruhande rutandukanye n’umugongo. ya valve. Igenzura ryerekanwa ryavunitse ryerekana ko ibara ryavunitse ari umwijima, byerekana ko kuvunika kwangiritse, kandi ibice bimwe byavunitse byijimye ibara, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko ruswa ikabije muri ibi bice. Ivunika rya valve B ryagaragaye munsi ya scanning electron microscope, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3. Ishusho 3 (a) yerekana macroscopique igaragara yavunitse ya valve B. Birashobora kugaragara ko kuvunika kwinyuma hafi ya valve bitwikiriwe nibicuruzwa byangirika, byongeye kwerekana ko hari itangazamakuru ryangirika mubidukikije. Ukurikije isesengura ry’ingufu, ibice bigize imiti yibicuruzwa byangirika ni S, Cl na O, kandi ibiri muri S na O biri hejuru cyane, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 (b). Urebye ubuso bwavunitse, usanga uburyo bwo gukura bwikurikiranya buri muburyo bwa kristu. Umubare munini wibice bya kabiri birashobora kandi kuboneka nukureba kuvunika hejuru cyane, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 (c). Igice cya kabiri kirangwa nimyambi yera mumashusho. Ibicuruzwa byangirika hamwe nuburyo bwo gukura hejuru yubuso bwongeye kwerekana ibiranga guhagarika umutima.
Ivunika rya valve A ntabwo ryarafunguwe, kura igice cya valve (harimo umwanya wacitse), gusya no gusya igice cya axial ya valve, hanyuma ukoreshe Fe Cl3 (5 g) + HCl (50 mL) + C2H5OH ( 100 mL) igisubizo cyarashizweho, kandi imiterere ya metallografiya hamwe na morphologie yo gukura byagaragaye hamwe na Zeiss Axio Indorerezi A1m microscope optique. Igishushanyo 4 (a) cyerekana imiterere ya metallografiya ya valve, ariyo α + β imiterere-ibyiciro bibiri, kandi β ni byiza kandi ni granulaire kandi ikwirakwizwa kuri materix α. Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibice kumirongo izenguruka bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4 (a), (b). Kubera ko ibice byacitse byuzuyemo ibicuruzwa byangirika, ikinyuranyo kiri hagati yimiterere yombi ni kinini, kandi biragoye gutandukanya uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza. gutandukana. Ibice byinshi bya kabiri (byashyizweho umwambi wera ku gishushanyo) nabyo byagaragaye kuri iki gice cyambere, reba Ishusho ya 4 (c), kandi ibyo bice bya kabiri byakwirakwijwe ku ngano. Icyitegererezo cya valve cyerekanwe na SEM, kandi wasangaga hari micro-crack nyinshi mubindi bibanza bisa nigice kinini. Iyi micro-crack yaturutse hejuru kandi yaguka imbere muri valve. Ibice byari bifite gucikamo kabiri kandi birambuye ku ngano, reba Ishusho ya 4 (c), (d). Ibidukikije hamwe nihungabana ryimiterere ya microcrack bisa nkibyavunitse nyamukuru, bityo rero twakwemeza ko uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukwirakwiza ibice nabyo ari indangakamere, ibyo bikaba binashimangirwa no kuvunika kuvunika kwa valve B. Ikintu cyo gutandukana kwa gucamo byongeye kwerekana ibiranga guhangayika kwangirika kwa valve.
2. Isesengura n'ikiganiro
Mu ncamake, birashobora kwemezwa ko kwangirika kwa valve biterwa no guturika kwangirika kwatewe na SO2. Kumeneka kwa ruswa muri rusange bigomba kuba byujuje ibintu bitatu: (1) ibikoresho byunvikana no kwangirika; (2) uburyo bubora bwangirika bwumuti wumuringa; (3) ibihe bimwe byo guhangayika.
Muri rusange abantu bemeza ko ibyuma byera bidatewe no kwangirika kwinshi, kandi ibivangwa byose birashobora kwangirika kwangirika kurwego rutandukanye. Kubikoresho bikozwe mu muringa, muri rusange abantu bemeza ko ibyiciro bibiri bifite ibyiciro byinshi byo kwangirika kwangirika kurenza icyiciro kimwe. Byatangajwe mu bitabo ko iyo Zn iri mu bikoresho bikozwe mu muringa irenze 20%, iba ifite ibibazo byinshi byo kwangirika kwangirika, kandi uko Zn iri hejuru, niko ibyorezo bya ruswa byoroha. Imiterere ya metallografiya ya gaz nozzle muriki kibazo ni α + β ibyiciro bibiri, kandi ibirimo Zn bigera kuri 35%, birenga kure 20%, bityo bifite ibyiyumvo bikabije byo kwangirika kandi byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango uhangayike ruswa.
Kubikoresho bikozwe mu muringa, niba annealing yo kugabanya imihangayiko idakozwe nyuma yimikorere ikonje, kwangirika kwikibazo bizabaho mugihe gikwiye kandi kibora. Imihangayiko itera guhangayika kwangirika muri rusange ni guhangayikishwa cyane, bishobora gukoreshwa no guhangayika. Ipine yamakamyo imaze kuzamuka, hazaterwa impungenge zikomeye zerekeza ku cyerekezo cyerekeranye n’ikirere bitewe n’umuvuduko mwinshi uri mu ipine, bizatera ibice bizenguruka mu kirere. Guhangayikishwa cyane biterwa numuvuduko wimbere wapine birashobora kubarwa gusa ukurikije σ = p R / 2t (aho p ni umuvuduko wimbere wapine, R ni diameter yimbere ya valve, na t nubunini bwurukuta rwa indanga). Nyamara, muri rusange, imihangayiko iterwa n'umuvuduko w'imbere w'ipine ntabwo ari nini cyane, kandi ingaruka zo guhangayika zisigaye zigomba gutekerezwa. Imyanya yamenetse ya gaze ya gaze yose iri inyuma yinyuma, kandi biragaragara ko ihindagurika risigaye kurinyuma ari rinini, kandi hariho impagarara zikomeye zisigaye. Mubyukuri, mubice byinshi bifatika bivangwa n'umuringa, gucika intege kwangirika ntibikunze guterwa no guhangayikishwa n'ibishushanyo mbonera, kandi ibyinshi muri byo biterwa n'imihangayiko isigaye itagaragara kandi yirengagijwe. Muri iki gihe, kumugongo winyuma wa valve, icyerekezo cyumuvuduko ukabije uterwa numuvuduko wimbere wapine urahuza nicyerekezo cyimyitwarire isigaye, kandi hejuru yibi bibazo byombi bitanga imiterere yibibazo bya SCC. .
3. Umwanzuro n'ibitekerezo
Umwanzuro:
Kumeneka kwaipinebiterwa ahanini no guhangayika kwangirika guterwa na SO2.
Igitekerezo
(1) Kurikirana inkomoko yibintu byangirika mubidukikije bikikijeipine, kandi ugerageze kwirinda guhura nuburyo butaziguye. Kurugero, igipande cyo kurwanya ruswa gishobora gukoreshwa hejuru ya valve.
.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-23-2022