1. Isuzumabumenyi n'isesengura ry'inyigisho
Muri 3amapine y'ipineIngero zatanzwe n'ikigo, 2 ni valve, naho 1 ni valve itarakoreshwa. Kuri A na B, valve itarakoreshwa yashyizweho ikimenyetso cy'umukara. Ishusho yuzuye ya 1. Ubuso bw'inyuma bwa valve A ni buto, ubuso bw'inyuma bwa valve B ni ubuso, ubuso bw'inyuma bwa valve C ni ubuso, naho ubuso bw'inyuma bwa valve C ni ubuso. Valve A na B zitwikiriwe n'ibikomoka ku ingese. Valve A na B zacitse ku migozi, igice cy'inyuma cya valve kiri ku mugozi, umunwa w'impeta ya valve B wacitse ugana ku mpera, kandi umwambi w'umweru uri hagati y'ubuso bwa valve A wacitse. Ukurikije ibyavuzwe haruguru, imigozi iri hose, imigozi ni minini, kandi imigozi iri hose.
Igice cy'valve y'ipineIngero za A, B, na C zaciwe uhereye aho zigonze, kandi imiterere y'ubuso yagaragaye hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi ya electron ya ZEISS-SUPRA55, kandi imiterere y'agace gato kasesenguwe hakoreshejwe EDS. Ishusho ya 2 (a) igaragaza imiterere mito y'ubuso bwa valve B. Bigaragara ko hari uduce twinshi tw'umweru kandi turabagirana ku buso (bigaragazwa n'utwambi tw'umweru ku ishusho), kandi isesengura rya EDS ry'uduce twera rifite ingano nyinshi ya S. Ibisubizo by'isesengura ry'ingufu z'uduce twera bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2 (b).
Ishusho ya 2 (c) na (e) ni imiterere y’ubuso bwa valve B. Bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2 (c) ko ubuso hafi ya bwose butwikiriwe n’ibikomoka ku irangi, kandi ibintu byangiza by’ibikomoka ku irangi binyuze mu isesengura ry’ingufu birimo cyane cyane S, Cl na O, ingano ya S mu myanya imwe n’imwe iri hejuru, kandi ibisubizo by’isesengura ry’ingufu bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2 (d). Bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2 (e) ko hari uduce duto ku mpande y’urukiramende ku buso bwa valve A. Ishusho ya 2 (f) na (g) ni imiterere y’ubuso bwa valve C, ubuso nabwo butwikiriwe n’ibikomoka ku irangi, kandi ibintu byangiza birimo S, Cl na O, bisa n’Ishusho ya 2 (e). Impamvu yo gucika ishobora kuba stress corrosion cracking (SCC) ituruka ku isesengura ry’ibikomoka ku irangi ku buso bwa valve. Igishushanyo cya 2 (h) nacyo ni imiterere y’ubuso bwa valve C. Bigaragara ko ubuso busukuye neza, kandi imiterere ya shimi y’ubuso bwasesenguwe na EDS isa n’iya aluminiyumu y’umuringa, bigaragaza ko valve idafite ingese. Mu kugereranya imiterere ya microscopic n’imiterere ya shimi y’ubuso bwa valve eshatu, bigaragaza ko hari ibintu byangiza nka S, O na Cl mu bidukikije.
Umwobo wa valve B wafunguwe binyuze mu igeragezwa ryo gupfunyika, maze basanga uwo mwobo utarinjira mu gice cyose cya valve, wacitse ku ruhande rw'inyuma, kandi ntucitse ku ruhande ruteganye n'inyuma ya valve. Isuzuma ry'icyuho rigaragaza ko ibara ry'aho wacitse ari ryijimye, bigaragaza ko imvune yangiritse, kandi ibice bimwe na bimwe bya mvune bifite ibara ryijimye, bigaragaza ko imvune ikomeye cyane muri ibi bice. Umwobo wa valve B wagaragaye hifashishijwe mikorosikopi ya elegitoroniki yo gupima, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3. Ishusho ya 3 (a) igaragaza ishusho ya macroscopic y'aho wacitse wa valve B. Bigaragara ko imvune yo hanze hafi ya valve yatwikiriwe n'ibikomoka ku mvune, byongeye kwerekana ko hari ibyuma bya mvune mu bidukikije. Dukurikije isesengura ry'ingufu, ibice bya shimi by'ibikomoka ku mvune ahanini ni S, Cl na O, kandi ibirimo S na O biri hejuru cyane, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3 (b). Urebye ubuso bwa mvune, bigaragara ko imiterere y'imvange iri ku bwoko bwa kristu. Umubare munini w'imyanya ya kabiri ushobora kugaragara urebye imyanya yacitse ku bwinshi, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3 (c). Imyanya ya kabiri yashyizweho ikimenyetso cy'utwambi tw'umweru ku ishusho. Ibikomoka ku ngeso n'imiterere y'imiyanya ku buso bw'imyanya byacitse nabyo bigaragaza imiterere y'imyanya yacitse ku buryo bukabije.
Ivunika rya valve A ntiryafunguwe, kuraho igice cya valve (harimo n'aho yacitse), sya kandi uhanagure igice cy'axial cya valve, hanyuma ukoreshe umuti wa Fe Cl3 (5 g) + HCl (50 mL) + C2H5OH (100 mL) waciwe, kandi imiterere ya metallographic n'imiterere y'ikura ry'imfuruka byagaragaye hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi ya Zeiss Axio Observer A1m optique. Ishusho ya 4 (a) igaragaza imiterere ya metallographic ya valve, ari yo imiterere ya α + β y'ibice bibiri, kandi β ni ntoya kandi ifite granular kandi ikwirakwijwe kuri matrix ya α-phase. Imiterere yo gukwirakwiza imfuruka ku mfuruka zikikije igaragara ku Ishusho ya 4 (a), (b). Kubera ko ubuso bw'imfuruka bwuzuyemo ibicuruzwa bya corruption, icyuho kiri hagati y'ubuso bubiri bw'imfuruka ni kinini, kandi biragoye gutandukanya imiterere yo gukwirakwiza imfuruka. Imfuruka nyinshi za kabiri (zifite utwambi tw'umweru ku ishusho) nazo zagaragaye kuri iyi mfuruka y'ibanze, reba Ishusho ya 4 (c), kandi izi mfuruka za kabiri zakwirakwiriye ku mfuruka. Icyitegererezo cya valve cyacukuwe cyagaragaye na SEM, kandi byagaragaye ko hari uduce twinshi duto mu yindi myanya ijyanye n'agace k'ingenzi. Utwo duce duto twaturutse hejuru tugera imbere muri valve. Utwo duce twari dufite ibice bibiri kandi twagiye dukwirakwira ku mfuruka, reba Ishusho ya 4 (c), (d). Ibidukikije n'imiterere y'uduce duto duto hafi ya two ni kimwe n'utw'agace k'ingenzi, bityo bishobora gufatwa ko imiterere y'agace k'ingenzi nayo iri hagati y'uduce duto, ibyo kandi byemezwa no kwitegereza kwa valve B. Ishusho y'agace k'igice k'igice irerekana imiterere y'agace k'igice ...
2. Isesengura n'Ibiganiro
Muri make, hashobora gufatwa umwanzuro ko kwangirika kwa valve guterwa no gucika kw'umuvuduko w'ingufu bitewe na SO2. Gucika kw'umuvuduko w'ingufu muri rusange bigomba kuzuza ibintu bitatu: (1) ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika; (2) ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika bikoreshwa mu byuma bivanze n'umuringa; (3) imiterere imwe n'imwe y'umuvuduko.
Muri rusange abantu bemera ko ibyuma bidafite stress corruption, kandi ko ibyuma byose bishobora kwangirika ku rugero rutandukanye. Ku bikoresho by'umuringa, muri rusange abantu bemera ko imiterere y'ibice bibiri ishobora kwangirika ku rugero rwo hejuru kurusha imiterere y'igice kimwe. Byavuzwe mu nyandiko ko iyo Zn iri mu bikoresho by'umuringa irenze 20%, iba ifite stress corruption nyinshi, kandi uko Zn iri hejuru, niko stress corruption nyinshi. Imiterere ya metallographic y'umunwa wa gaze muri uru rubanza ni α+β dual-phase alloy, kandi Zn iri ku rugero rwo hejuru ni 35%, irenga cyane 20%, bityo ikaba ifite stress corruption nyinshi kandi ihuye n'ibikenewe kugira ngo stress corruption ivunike.
Ku bikoresho by'umuringa, iyo gukurura stress annealing idakozwe nyuma yo guhindagurika kw'imashini ikonje, stress corruption ibaho mu bihe bikwiye by'stress no mu bidukikije byangiza. Stress itera stress corruption muri rusange ni stress yo mu gace, ishobora gukoreshwa stress cyangwa stress isigaye. Nyuma y'uko ipine ry'ikamyo ryuzuye umwuka, stress yo gukurura izakorwa mu cyerekezo cy'umurongo w'umwuka bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi mu ipine, uzatera stress izenguruka mu mutwe w'umwuka. Stress yo gukurura iterwa n'umuvuduko w'imbere w'ipine ishobora kubarwa gusa hakurikijwe σ=p R/2t (aho p ari umuvuduko w'imbere w'ipine, R ni umurambararo w'imbere wa valve, na t ni ubugari bw'urukuta rwa valve). Ariko, muri rusange, stress yo gukurura iterwa n'umuvuduko w'imbere w'ipine ntabwo ari munini cyane, kandi ingaruka z'umuvuduko usigaye zigomba kwitabwaho. Aho stress zisigara zihagarara hose ziri inyuma, kandi biragaragara ko stress isigaye inyuma ari nini, kandi hari stress yo gukurura isigara aho. Mu by’ukuri, mu bice byinshi by’umuringa bifatika, gucika kw’ingufu mu mikorere y’icyuma ntibikunze guterwa n’imitsi isanzwe, kandi inyinshi muri zo ziterwa n’imitsi isigaye itagaragara cyangwa ngo yirengagizwe. Muri iki gihe, inyuma y’ipine, icyerekezo cy’imitsi iterwa n’umuvuduko w’imbere w’ipine gihuye n’icyerekezo cy’umuvuduko usigaye, kandi imiterere y’iyi mitsi yombi itanga imiterere y’umuvuduko kuri SCC.
3. Umwanzuro n'ibitekerezo
Umwanzuro:
Gucika kw'ikimenyetsovalve y'ipineahanini biterwa no kwangirika kw'umuvuduko w'ingufu biterwa na SO2.
Igitekerezo
(1) Reba aho inkomoko y'ibintu byangiza mu bidukikije iherereyevalve y'ipine, kandi gerageza kwirinda gukorana n'ikintu cyangiza kiri hafi aho. Urugero, urwego rw'igitambaro cyo kurwanya ingese rushobora gushyirwa ku buso bwa valve.
(2) Imihangayiko isigaye yo gukurura iterwa no gukora mu buryo bukonje ishobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe inzira zikwiye, nko kugabanya imihangayiko nyuma yo gupfundika.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 23 Nzeri 2022
