Incamake
Isesengura ryerekana ko ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gufatana hagati y'umunwa w'imbere n'umunwavalveAhanini harimo uburyo bwo gucunga no kubika valve, uburyo bwo gukora no guhinduranya imiyoboro y'imbere n'ubwiza bwayo, uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo gukora no gutunganya ibidukikije, uburyo bwo gukora no kubika ibyuma by'imbere n'uburyo bwo gukora ibyuma by'imbere, n'ibindi, binyuze mu gukoresha no kubungabunga neza imiyoboro y'imbere n'uburyo bwo gukora ibyuma, kugenzura uburyo bwo gukora ibyuma by'imbere n'uburyo bwo gukora ibyuma bihindagurika, uburyo bwo gukora no kubungabunga ibidukikije, uburyo bwo gukora no kubungabunga ibidukikije, uburyo bwo gukora no kubungabunga ibidukikije, uburyo bwo gukora no gutunganya ibyuma by'imbere n'uburyo bwo gukora ibyuma by'imbere kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa mu buryo bwo gukora. Imiterere n'izindi ngamba zishobora kunoza uburyo ibyuma by'imbere n'imiyoboro bifatanye kandi bigashimangira ubwiza bw'imiyoboro y'imbere.
1. Ingaruka n'igenzura ry'uburyo bwo gutunganya no kubika amazi mu ruziga rw'ingufu ku buryo zifatana
Itsindavalve y'ipineni igice cy'ingenzi cy'umuyoboro w'imbere. Muri rusange ukozwe mu muringa kandi uhujwe n'umuyoboro w'imbere wose unyuze mu gice cy'imbere cy'umuyoboro. Gufatana hagati y'umuyoboro w'imbere n'umuyoboro bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mutekano w'umuyoboro w'imbere n'ubuzima bwawo, bityo bigomba kwemezwa ko gufatana kwujuje ibisabwa. Mu gikorwa cyo gukora umuyoboro w'imbere, muri rusange binyura mu nzira nko gukata imiyoboro, gusya, kumisha, gutegura igice cy'imbere cy'umuyoboro, igice cy'umuyoboro n'umuyoboro w'umuyoboro mu ibumba rimwe, nibindi. Koza kole, yumishe hanyuma uyishyire ku muyoboro w'imbere w'umuyoboro w'imbere utobotse kugeza igihe umuyoboro w'imbere wemewe utobotse. Uhereye ku gikorwa cyo gukora, bishobora gusesengurwa ko ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gufatana hagati y'umuyoboro w'imbere n'umuyoboro birimo cyane cyane gutunganya no kubungabunga imiyoboro, ikorwa ry'umuyoboro w'imbere n'ihindagurika ry'ubuziranenge, kugenzura imikorere n'ibidukikije by'umusaruro, umuyoboro w'imbere w'umuyoboro. Mu bijyanye no gushyiraho pad fixing no gushyiramo imperial tube vulcanization, ingamba zijyanye nazo zishobora gufatwa kugira ngo hagenzurwe ibintu byavuzwe haruguru bigira ingaruka, kandi amaherezo hagerwe ku ntego yo kunoza uburyo umunwa w'imbere n'agapira bifatanye no kwemeza ko umunwa w'imbere umeze neza.
1.1 Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku buzima
Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gufatana hagati ya valve n'umunwa w'imbere birimo guhitamo ibikoresho by'umuringa byo gutunganya valve, kugenzura uburyo ikorwa, no gutunganya no kubungabunga valve mbere yo kuyikoresha.
Ibikoresho by'umuringa bikoreshwa mu gutunganya imvange muri rusange bihitamo umuringa ufite ingano ya 67% kugeza 72% n'ingano ya zinc iri hagati ya 28% na 33%. Imvange itunganywa n'ubu bwoko bw'ibiyigize ifite ubufatanye bwiza na rubber. Iyo umuringa urenze 80% cyangwa uri munsi ya 55%, ubufatanye ku kintu cya rubber buragabanuka cyane.
Kuva ku bikoresho by'umuringa kugeza kuri valvu irangiye, igomba kunyura mu gukata umuringa, gushyushya ubushyuhe bwinshi, gukanda, gukonjesha, gukora imashini n'ibindi bikorwa, bityo hakabaho imyanda cyangwa ogiside ku buso bwa valvu irangiye; niba valvu irangiye ihagaze igihe kirekire cyangwa ubushuhe buri mu kirere. Iyo ari nini cyane, urwego rwo gushonga ku buso ruzarushaho kwiyongera.
Kugira ngo haveho imyanda cyangwa ogiside ku buso bwa vali irangiye, vali igomba kunyobwamo ibintu byagenwe (ubusanzwe aside sulfurike, aside nitrike, amazi yaciwe cyangwa amazi adasukuye) hamwe n'umuti wa aside yashyizwemo ibintu byinshi mu gihe runaka mbere yo kuyikoresha. Iyo imiterere n'ubwinshi bw'umuti wa aside n'igihe cyo kunyobwa bidahuye n'ibisabwa byagenwe, ingaruka zo kuvura vali zishobora kwangirika.
Kuramo valve yavuwe na aside hanyuma woze aside n'amazi meza. Iyo umuti wa aside udasukuwe neza cyangwa ngo wozwe neza, bizagira ingaruka ku gufatana hagati ya valve n'ikintu cya rubber.
Kumisha valve isukuye ukoresheje igitambaro, nibindi, hanyuma uyishyire mu ziko kugira ngo yumuke ku gihe. Iyo valve ya valve yavuwe na aside igaragaye ikabikwa igihe kirenze igihe cyagenwe mu gikorwa, oxidation izabaho ku buso bwa valve, kandi byoroshye kugarura ubushuhe cyangwa gufatana n'umukungugu, amavuta, nibindi; iyo idahanaguwe neza, izaba ku buso bwa valve nyuma yo kuma. Ikora ibizinga by'amazi kandi igira ingaruka ku gufatana hagati ya valve na rubber; iyo yuma idahagije, ubushuhe busigaye ku buso bwa valve nabwo buzagira ingaruka ku gufatana kwa valve.
Valve yumye igomba kubikwa mu cyuma gitanga impumuro kugira ngo ubuso bwa valve bugume bwumutse. Iyo ubushuhe bw'aho ibikwa ari bwinshi cyane cyangwa igihe cyo kubika kikaba kirekire cyane, ubuso bwa valve bushobora kuba bwaragizwe oxidized cyangwa bugaterwa n'ubushuhe, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku buryo ikoreshwa rya "rubber" rifatana.
1.2 Ingamba zo kugenzura
Ingamba zikurikira zishobora gufatwa kugira ngo hagenzurwe ibintu byavuzwe haruguru bigira ingaruka:
(1) Koresha ibikoresho by'umuringa bifite umugozi mwiza kugira ngo utunganye valve, kandi ibikoresho by'umuringa bifite umugozi urenze 80% cyangwa munsi ya 55% ntibishobora gukoreshwa.
(2) Menya neza ko valves z’ubwoko bumwe n’ibipimo byazo zikozwe mu bikoresho bimwe, kandi bigatuma gukata, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko wo gukanda, igihe cyo gukonjesha, imashini, aho imodoka zihagarara n’igihe bihurira, kugira ngo bigabanye impinduka mu buryo ibikoresho n’uburyo bwo kubitunganya bigabanuka. Kugabanuka kw’uburyo ibikoresho bifatanye.
(3) Ongera imbaraga zo gutahura za valve, muri rusange ukurikije igipimo cya 0.3% by'ibizamini, niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe, igipimo cy'ibizamini gishobora kwiyongera.
(4) Gumana imiterere n'ikigereranyo cy'umuti wa aside wo gutunganya aside ya valve, no kugenzura igihe cyo kwinjiza valve mu muti mushya wa aside no kongera gukoresha umuti wa aside kugira ngo urebe neza ko valve ivuwe neza.
(5) Sukura agakoresho karimo aside n'amazi, wumishe ukoresheje igitambaro cyangwa igitambaro cyumye kidakuraho imyanda, hanyuma ushyire mu ifuru kugira ngo yumuke ku gihe.
(6) Nyuma yo kumisha, valve zigomba gusuzumwa imwe imwe. Niba urufatiro ruhutse kandi rurabagirana, kandi nta kirahure cy'amazi kigaragara, bivuze ko uburyo bwo kuvugurura bukwiriye, kandi bugomba kubikwa mu cyuma cyumisha, ariko igihe cyo kubibika ntikigomba kurenza amasaha 36; niba urufatiro rwa valve ari icyatsi kibisi, umuhondo wijimye n'andi mabara, cyangwa ibibara by'amazi bigaragara, bivuze ko uburyo bwo kuvugurura butakozwe neza, kandi hakenewe kongerwaho isuku.
2. Ingaruka n'igenzura rya formula y'umunwa w'imbere hamwe n'ihindagurika ry'ubuziranenge ku gufatana
2.1 Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku buzima
Ingaruka z'uburyo bw'umunwa w'imbere n'ihindagurika ry'ubwiza bw'umukandara ku gufatana kwavalve ya rubberahanini bigaragarira mu ngingo zikurikira:
Iyo formula y'umunwa w'imbere irimo kole nkeya n'ibintu byinshi byuzuza, ubushyuhe bw'umunwa buragabanuka; niba ubwoko n'ubwoko bw'ibinyabutabire bidatoranijwe neza, bizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku gufatana hagati y'umunwa w'imbere n'agace k'umunwa; Oxyde ya Zinc ishobora kunoza gufatana kw'umunwa w'imbere, ariko iyo ingano y'uduce ari tunini cyane kandi umwanda uri hejuru cyane, gufatana kuragabanuka; niba sulfur iri mu munwa w'imbere ihutiwe, izangiza ikwirakwira ry'umunwa w'imbere w'umunwa, bigabanya gufatana kw'ubuso bw'umunwa.
Iyo aho inkomoko n'itsinda ry'umukara ukoreshwa mu gice cy'imbere cy'umunwa bihindutse, ubwiza bw'umukara uvanze bugahinduka cyangwa aho ukomoka hagahinduka, igice cy'umukara kigira igihe gito cyo gushya, ubushyuhe buke, no kuvanga bidahuje bitewe n'impamvu z'imikorere, ibyo byose bizatuma igice cy'imbere cy'umunwa gihinduka. Ubwiza burahindagurika, ibyo bigatuma habaho gufatana hagati y'umukara w'imbere n'umukara.
Mu gukora firime y'imbere y'umushongi w'amazi, niba igihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe kidahagije kandi ubushyuhe bukaba buke, firime isohokamo izaba idahindagurika mu bunini, nini mu busununuzi kandi ifite ubusununu buke, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku busununuzi bw'umushongi kandi bigabanye imbaraga zo gufata; niba firime y'imbere y'umushongi w'amazi irenze Igihe cyo kubika cyagenwe n'iyi gahunda kizatera gukonja kwa firime kandi kigire ingaruka ku busununuzi; niba igihe cyo guparika ari gito cyane, ubusununuzi bw'umushongi w'amazi bitewe n'imbaraga za mashini ntibushobora kugaruka, kandi ubusununuzi n'ubusununuzi bw'ibikoresho bya firime nabyo bizagira ingaruka ku busununuzi.
2.2 Ingamba zo kugenzura
Ingamba zijyanye n'ubugenzuzi zifatwa hakurikijwe ingaruka z'umuyoboro w'imbere n'ihindagurika ry'ubwiza bw'umupira ku gice gifata:
(1) Kugira ngo uburyo bwo kunoza imiterere y'umunwa w'imbere bukore neza, ingano y'umunwa w'imbere igomba kugenzurwa neza, ni ukuvuga kugira ngo harebwe ko umunwa w'imbere ugenda neza kandi ufatana neza, no kugenzura ikiguzi cyo gukora. Kugenzura neza ingano y'uduce n'ubuziranenge bwa zinc oxide, kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umunwa w'imbere, intambwe z'imikorere n'igihe cyo guparika umunwa w'imbere kugira ngo harebwe ko sulfur iri muri umunwa w'imbere.
(2) Kugira ngo habeho ireme ry'uruvange rw'uruvange rw'uruvange mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruvange, inkomoko y'uruvange rw'uruvange n'ibintu biruvanga bigomba gukosorwa, kandi impinduka mu byiciro zigomba kugabanywa; imicungire y'ibikorwa igomba kugenzurwa cyane kugira ngo ibipimo by'ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa; Uburyo bumwe bwo gukwirakwiza no guhagarara mu ruvange rw'uruvange rw'uruvange; kuvanga neza, kole, imikorere yo kubika no kugenzura ubushyuhe kugira ngo habeho igihe cyo gushya no gushyuha kw'uruvange rw'uruvange rw'uruvange byujuje ibisabwa by'ubuziranenge.
Mu gukora icyuma cy'imbere cy'umushongi w'amazi, ibikoresho bya icyuma bigomba gukoreshwa bikurikiranye; gutunganya no gutunganya neza bigomba kuba bimwe, inshuro zo gukanda bigomba kuba bihamye, kandi icyuma cyo gukata kigomba kwinjizwamo; igihe cyo guparika icyuma cy'imbere cy'umushongi w'amazi kigomba kugenzurwa mu masaha 1 kugeza 24, kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho bya icyuma bitazakira umunaniro bitewe n'igihe gito cyo guparika.
3. Ingaruka n'igenzura ry'uburyo agapira k'imbere mu kanwa gafatana n'ingufu
Guhitamo valve y'ibikoresho bikwiye no kuyikoresha no kuyibika hakurikijwe ibisabwa, kugira ngo ikoreshwa rya "nozzle" y'imbere ribe rihagije kandi ubwiza buhamye ni byo shingiro ryo kwemeza ko "nozzle" y'imbere ifatana neza n'iyi "valve", kandi "vulcanization" y'inyuma y'i "nozzle" n'iyi "valve" ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ko "nozzle" y'imbere ifatana neza.
3.1 Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku buzima
Ingaruka zo gukurura amazi mu ruhu ku buryo amazi afatanye hagati y’umunwa w’imbere n’umunwa w’amashanyarazi zigaragarira cyane cyane mu buryo amazi y’umunwa yuzuzwa n’uburyo umunwa w’amazi ucukurwamo amazi ucukurwamo amazi, ubushyuhe n’igihe bigenzurwa.
Iyo umunwa w'urubu ukozwe mu buryo bwa vulcanized, umunwa w'urubu n'agace k'urubu bishyirwa mu ibumba ryihariye rihuriweho n'umunwa w'urubu. Iyo ingano y'ibikoresho by'urububu ari nini cyane (ni ukuvuga ko agace k'agace k'urububu bunini cyane cyangwa bunini cyane), nyuma y'uko ibumba rifunze, ibikoresho by'urububu birenga bizarenga ibumba bigakora impande za rububu, bitazatera imyanda gusa, ahubwo bizanatuma ibumba ridafunga neza kandi bigatera udupira twa rububu. Ntabwo ari umunwa kandi bigira ingaruka ku gufatana hagati ya rububu bunini n'agace k'urububu; niba ingano y'ibikoresho by'urububu ari nto cyane (ni ukuvuga ko agace k'agace k'urububu bunini cyane cyangwa buto cyane), nyuma y'uko ibumba rifunze, ibikoresho by'urububu ntibishobora kuzuza umwobo w'ibumba, bizagabanya uburyo bwo gufatana hagati y'agace k'urububu bunini n'agace k'urububu.
Umunyu wa sulfur munsi na sulfur hejuru y'umunwa bizagira ingaruka ku buryo umunwa w'imbere n'agace k'umunwa ufatana. Igihe cyo gukurura umwuka muri rusange ni igipimo cy'imikorere kigenwa hakurikijwe agapira gakoreshwa mu munwa, ubushyuhe bw'umwuka n'umuvuduko wo gufunga. Ntibishobora guhindurwa uko bishakiye iyo ibindi bipimo bitahindutse; icyakora, bishobora guhindurwa neza iyo ubushyuhe bw'umwuka n'umuvuduko wo gufunga bihindutse., kugira ngo hakurweho ingaruka z'impinduka z'ibipimo.
3.2 Ingamba zo kugenzura
Kugira ngo hakurweho ingaruka z'uburyo bwo gukurura urusobe rw'amazi ku gice kiri hagati y'urusobe rw'imbere n'uruvange, ingano y'uruvange ikoreshwa mu gukurura urusobe rw'amazi igomba kubarwa hakurikijwe ingano y'aho urusobe rw'amazi ruherereye, kandi ubuso n'ubugari bw'uruvange rw'amazi imbere bigomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe imikorere nyayo y'uruvange. Kugira ngo harebwe ko ingano y'uruvange rw'amazi ikwiye.
Genzura neza umuvuduko wa vulcanization, ubushyuhe n'igihe cy'umunwa, kandi ushyireho uburyo bwo guhuza vulcanization. Guhuza vulcanization muri rusange bikorwa ku cyuma gifunga vulcanizer, kandi umuvuduko wa vulcanizer plunger ugomba kuba uhamye. Umuyoboro w'umwuka wa vulcanization ugomba kuba ufite ubushyuhe buhagije, kandi niba ibintu bibyemeye, hagomba gushyirwaho ikigega cyo kubikamo cy'umwuka gifite ubunini bukwiye kugira ngo habeho umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe by'umwuka bihamye. Niba ibintu bibyemeye, gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura vulcanization bungana na bwo bushobora gukuraho ingaruka mbi ziterwa n'impinduka mu bipimo nko gufunga umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe bwa vulcanization.
4. Ingaruka n'igenzura ry'imikorere y'ibikorwa n'ibidukikije ku bijyanye no gufatana
Uretse izi sano zavuzwe haruguru, impinduka zose cyangwa kutagenda neza kw'imikorere n'ibidukikije bizagira ingaruka ku buryo amazi y'imbere n'agace k'amashanyarazi bifatanye.
4.1 Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku buzima
Ingaruka z'imikorere y'iyi nzira ku gufatana hagati ya rubber y'imbere n'uruvange zigaragarira cyane cyane mu itandukaniro riri hagati y'imikorere n'uburyo rubber ya value ikoreshwa mu kuyikora.
Iyo valve ikoreshejwe aside, umukozi ntambara uturindantoki nk'uko bisabwa kugira ngo ikore, ibyo bikazahumanya valve byoroshye; iyo valve yinjijwe muri aside, kuzunguruka ntigungana cyangwa igihe ntigikwiye. Rubber y'imbere y'umunwa irahinduka mu gihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe, gusohora buhoro buhoro, gukanda ibinini, kubika, nibindi, bigatuma ubwiza bwa filime buhindagurika; iyo rubber y'imbere y'umunwa ivanze na valve, ibumba cyangwa valve biragorama; ubushyuhe, igitutu n'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha. Hari ikosa mu kugenzura igihe. Iyo valve ya vulcanized ivanze hasi no ku nkengero z'agapira, uburebure ntibuhindagurika, ifu ya rubber ntisukurwa neza, kandi kole irasukurwa ku buryo butangana, nibindi, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku buryo rubber y'imbere y'umunwa na valve ifatanye.
Ingaruka z'ibidukikije bikorerwa ku gufatana hagati y'umuhondo w'imbere n'umugozi zigaragarira ahanini mu kuba hari ibizinga by'amavuta n'umukungugu mu bice n'ahantu bihurira cyangwa bibikwamo umugozi n'umugozi w'imbere, bizahumanya umugozi n'umugozi w'imbere; Ubushuhe bw'aho bakorera burenze urugero, bituma umugozi n'umugozi w'imbere bikura ubushuhe kandi bigira ingaruka ku gufatana kwa mugozi n'umugozi w'imbere.
4.2 Ingamba zo kugenzura
Ku itandukaniro riri hagati y'imikorere y'ibikorwa n'ibisanzwe, bigomba gukorwa:
Iyo valve ivuwe aside, umukoresha agomba kwambara uturindantoki dusukuye kugira ngo dukore nk'uko amabwiriza abiteganya; iyo valve yinjijwe muri aside, igomba kuzunguruka neza; kuyinjiza mu gikoresho gishya cya aside mu gihe cy'amasegonda 2-3, hanyuma wongere igihe cyo kuyinjiza mu mazi gikwiye; Nyuma yo kuyikura mu mazi, hita woza n'amazi mu gihe cy'iminota 30 kugira ngo woze neza; valve nyuma yo kuyisukura igomba guhanagurwa n'igitambaro gisukuye kitavanaho imyanda, hanyuma uyishyire mu ziko kugira ngo yumuke mu gihe cy'iminota 20 kugeza kuri 30. iminota; valve yumye ntigomba kubikwa mu cyuma cyumisha amazi mu gihe kirenze amasaha 36. Ibipimo bya rubber y'imbere bigomba kuguma mu buryo buhamye mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya ishyushye, kuyisohora mu buryo bworoshye, kuyikanda ibinini, kuyibika, nibindi, nta guhindagurika kugaragara; mu gihe cyo kuyivanga, ibumba n'ibumba bigomba kugenzurwa neza, kandi ubushyuhe, igitutu n'igihe bigomba kugenzurwa neza. Igice cyo hasi n'inkombe by'agapira k'urukiramende bigomba kogoshwa mu buryo bumwe, ifu y'urukiramende igomba gusukurwa neza na lisansi mu gihe cyo kogoshwa, kandi ubwinshi n'intera bya kole bigomba kugenzurwa neza, kugira ngo agapira k'imbere n'urukiramende bitazagira ingaruka ku mikorere y'igikorwa. Gufata umunwa.
Kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzanya kwa valve n'agapira k'imbere k'umunwa, icyumba cyo gusukuramo aside ya valve, ifuru, icyuma cyumisha, imashini itunganya icyuma cy'imbere n'imashini itunganya vulcanization hamwe n'intebe yo gukoreramo bigomba kubungabungwa neza, bitarimo umukungugu n'amavuta; ibidukikije bigenzurwa mu buryo buri munsi ya 60%, kandi icyuma gishyushya cyangwa gikuraho ubushuhe gishobora gufungurwa kugira ngo gikosorwe iyo ubushuhe buri hejuru.
5. Irangira
Nubwo gufatana hagati ya valve n'umunwa w'imbere ari isano gusa mu ikorwa ry'umunwa w'imbere, impeta ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano w'umunwa w'imbere n'ubuzima bwawo. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gusesengura ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gufatana hagati ya valve n'umunwa w'imbere, no gufata ibisubizo bigamije kunoza ubwiza bw'umunwa w'imbere muri rusange.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-03-2022
