1. Incamake
Urudodo rwimbere rukoreshwa numurongo muremure kandi rwatoranijwe gukoreshwa rukosorwa naibisanzweno kwifungisha kwizunguza, guhindurwa ningamba zinyuranye zo gukaza umurego, kandi itandukaniro riri hagati ya ankeri na feri yo kwifungisha kalibrasi ya ankoring iranga imirongo irasesengurwa.Igisubizo: Uburyo bwa bolt na bolt Calibibasique bizabona ibintu bitandukanye bya kalibrasi, igipimo cyo gufunga igihe cyurunigi bituma kwikorera-kalibrasi-yo-kw-kalibrasi-yigihe-cyo-kalibrasi iganisha ku ntego zitandukanye.Bitewe nuburyo busanzwe bwo gutambuka, ibyabonetse bitandukanye biranga bizimuka iburyo.
2. Gerageza Filozofiya
Kuri ubu, uburyo bwa ultrasonic bukoreshwa cyane muriBolt axial force testya fonction point ya sisitemu yimodoka, ni ukuvuga, isano iranga umurongo (bolt calibration curve) hagati ya bolt axial force na ultrasonic amajwi yigihe itandukaniro iboneka hakiri kare, hanyuma ikizamini gikurikiraho cyibice bigize sisitemu ikorwa.Imbaraga za axial ya bolt muburyo bwo guhuza irashobora kuboneka mugupima ultrasonique gupima amajwi yigihe itandukaniro rya bolt no kwerekeza kuri kalibrasi.Kubwibyo, kubona kalibrasi yukuri ikwiye ni ngombwa cyane cyane kubwukuri bwa bolt axial force yo gupima ibisubizo mubice bifatika.Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo gupima ultrasonic burimo ahanini uburyo bumwe bwo kuzunguruka (ni ukuvuga uburyo bwa longitudinal wave) hamwe na transvers ya longitudinal wave.
Mubikorwa bya kalibrasi ya bolt, hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kubisubizo bya kalibrasi, nkuburebure bwa clamping, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko wimashini ikomeza, ibikoresho bya fixture, nibindi. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bukoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo guhinduranya uburyo.Bolt ihindurwamo intebe yikizamini cya bolt, bisaba ko habaho umusaruro wibikoresho bifasha sensor ya axial force sensor, aribyo plaque yumuvuduko hamwe nu mwobo wimbere.Imikorere yimbere yimbere yu mwobo ni Gusimbuza utubuto dusanzwe.Igishushanyo kirwanya ubusa gikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwo guhuza hamwe nibintu byinshi byumutekano wa chassis yimodoka kugirango hamenyekane kwizerwa kwayo.Imwe mu ngamba zo kurwanya irekurwa muri iki gihe ni iyifunga-yonyine, ni ukuvuga ifumbire ifatika.
Umwanditsi yakoresheje uburyo bwa longitudinal wave kandi akoresha ubwikorezi bwimbere bwimbere kugirango ahitemo ibinyomoro bisanzwe hamwe nimbuto yo kwifungisha kugirango ihindure bolt.Binyuze muburyo butandukanye bwo gukaza umurego hamwe nuburyo bwa kalibrasi, itandukaniro riri hagati yumutobe usanzwe nimbuto yo kwifungisha kugirango uhindure umurongo wa bolt wizwe.Igeragezwa rya Axial yingufu za moteri yimodoka itanga ibyifuzo bimwe.
Kugerageza imbaraga za axial ya bolts hakoreshejwe tekinoroji ya ultrasonic nuburyo bwo gupima butaziguye.Ukurikije ihame rya sonoelastique, umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza amajwi mubikomeye bifitanye isano no guhangayika, bityo imiraba ya ultrasonic irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ubone imbaraga za axial ya bolts [5-8].Bolt izarambura mugihe cyo gukomera, kandi mugihe kimwe itanga impungenge za axial.Indwara ya ultrasonic izanduzwa kuva mumutwe wa bolt kugeza umurizo.Bitewe nimpinduka zitunguranye mubucucike bwikigereranyo, izagaruka munzira yumwimerere, kandi hejuru ya bolt yakira ibimenyetso binyuze mumashanyarazi ya piezoelectric.itandukaniro ryigihe Δt.Igishushanyo mbonera cyibizamini bya ultrasonic byerekanwe mubishusho 1. Itandukaniro ryigihe rijyanye no kuramba.
Kugerageza imbaraga za axial ya bolts hakoreshejwe tekinoroji ya ultrasonic nuburyo bwo gupima butaziguye.Ukurikije ihame rya sonoelasticitike, umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza amajwi mubikomeye bifitanye isano no guhangayika, bityo imiraba ya ultrasonic irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango uboneimbaraga za axial ya bolts.Bolt izarambura mugihe cyo gukomera, kandi icyarimwe ibyara axial tensile stress.Indwara ya ultrasonic izanduzwa kuva mumutwe wa bolt kugeza umurizo.Bitewe nimpinduka zitunguranye mubucucike bwikigereranyo, izagaruka munzira yumwimerere, kandi hejuru ya bolt yakira ibimenyetso binyuze mumashanyarazi ya piezoelectric.itandukaniro ryigihe Δt.Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gupima ultrasonic cyerekanwe mubishusho 1. Itandukaniro ryigihe rijyanye no kuramba.
M12 mm × 1,75 mm × 100 mm hanyuma noneho ibisobanuro bya bolts, koresha ibisanzwe bisanzwe kugirango ukosore 5 nkibi, banza ukoreshe ikizamini cyo kwikorera-ankeri hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwa kalibrasi yo kugurisha, ni plaque spiral plaque kugirango ibe flange ikwiye kandi kanda Iyo usikana umuyaga wambere (ni ukuvuga, wandika L0 yumwimerere), hanyuma ukayijugunya kuri 100 N m + 30 ° hamwe nigikoresho kimwe (bita ubwoko bwa I uburyo), naho ubundi ni ugusikana umuraba wambere ukabisunika. kubunini bwintego hamwe nimbunda ikomera (bita ubwoko bwa I buryo).Kuburyo bwa kabiri bwubwoko), hazabaho ubwoko runaka muriki gikorwa (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4) 5 nuburyo busanzwe bwa bolt nuburyo bwo kwifungisha Umurongo nyuma ya kalibrasi ukurikije ubwoko bwa I Igishusho cya 6 ni wenyine- Ubwoko bwo gufunga.Igishushanyo cya 6 nicyiciro cyo kwifungisha.Icyiciro cya I na Icyiciro cya II umurongo.Uburyo bwo gukoresha burashobora kuba, koresha umurongo wigenga wurwego rusanzwe rwa ankor icyiciro, kimwe kimwe (byose byanyuze muminkomoko hamwe nigipimo kimwe numubare w'amanota);funga urutonde rwubwoko bwa ankor point (ubwoko bwa I na marike ya ankeri, umusozi utandukanya intera n'umubare w'amanota);kubona ibintu bisa)
Igeragezwa rya 3 nugushiraho Y3 ihuzabikorwa rya Graph Setup muri software igikoresho cyo gukusanya amakuru nkubushyuhe bwubushyuhe (ukoresheje sensor yubushyuhe bwo hanze), ugashyiraho intera idakora ya bolt kugeza kuri mm 60 kugirango uhindurwe, hanyuma wandike imbaraga za torque / axial / ubushyuhe n'umurongo w'inguni.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8, birashobora kugaragara ko hamwe nogukomeza guhindagurika kwa bolt, ubushyuhe burazamuka, kandi izamuka ryubushyuhe rishobora gufatwa nkumurongo.Ingero enye za bolt zatoranijwe kugirango zihindurwe hamwe nimbuto zifunga.Igicapo 9 cerekana kalibrasi yimirongo ya bine.Birashobora kugaragara ko imirongo ine yose yahinduwe iburyo, ariko urwego rwubuhinduzi ruratandukanye.Imbonerahamwe 2 yerekana intera ihindagurika rya kalibrasi ihinduka iburyo nubushyuhe bwiyongera mugihe cyo gukomera.Birashobora kugaragara ko urwego rwa kalibrasi yu murongo uhindukirira iburyo ahanini ugereranije nubushyuhe bwiyongera.
3. Umwanzuro no kuganira
Bolt ikorerwa hamwe nigikorwa cyo guhuza imbaraga za axial hamwe na torsional stress mugihe cyo gukomera, kandi imbaraga zavuyemo zombi amaherezo zitera bolt gutanga.Muri kalibrasi ya bolt, gusa imbaraga za axial za bolt zigaragarira kumurongo wa kalibrasi kugirango utange imbaraga zo gufatana na sisitemu yo gufunga.Birashobora kugaragara mubisubizo byikizamini mu gishushanyo cya 5 ko, nubwo ari umutobe wifunguye, niba uburebure bwambere bwanditswe nyuma yuko bolt yazungurutswe nintoki kugeza aho igiye guhuza nubuso bwikigereranyo cyumuvuduko. isahani, kalibrasi yo gutandukanya ibisubizo birahuye rwose nibisanzwe bisanzwe.Ibi birerekana ko muriyi miterere, ingaruka zo kwifungisha kwifunguro ryimbuto zifunga ntizihagije.
Niba bolt ihambiriye muburyo bwo kwifungisha ukoresheje imbunda y'amashanyarazi, umurongo uzahindukira iburyo muri rusange, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6. Ibi byerekana ko itara ryo kwifungisha rigira ingaruka ku itandukaniro ryigihe cya acoustic muri kalibrasi umurongo.Itegereze igice cyambere cyumurongo cyimuriwe iburyo, byerekana ko imbaraga za axial zitarabyara bitewe nuburyo bolt ifite umubare munini wo kurambura, cyangwa imbaraga za axial ni nto cyane, ibyo bikaba bihwanye nibyo bolt ifite ntabwo yakandagiye kurwanya imbaraga za sensor.Kurambura, biragaragara ko kurambura kwa bolt muri iki gihe ni ukurambura ibinyoma, ntabwo kuramba kwukuri.Impamvu yo kurambura ibinyoma nuko ubushyuhe buterwa no kwifungisha kwifungisha mugihe cyogukwirakwiza ikirere bigira ingaruka kumikurire yumuraba ultrasonic, bigaragarira kumurongo.Irerekana ko bolt yarambuye, byerekana ko ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka kumuraba wa ultrasonic.Ku gishushanyo cya 6, ibinyomoro byo kwifungisha nabyo bikoreshwa muri kalibrasi, ariko impanvu ituma umurongo wa kalibrasi idahinduka iburyo ni uko nubwo haba hari ubushyamirane iyo bwikaraga mu mbuto zifunga, ubushyuhe burabyara, ariko ubushyuhe yashyizwe mu majwi yuburebure bwambere bwa bolt.Byarahanaguwe, kandi igihe cyo guhinduranya igihe ni gito cyane (mubisanzwe munsi ya 5s), bityo ingaruka zubushyuhe ntizigaragara kuri kalibrasi iranga umurongo.
Birashobora kugaragara duhereye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru ko guteranya urudodo mu kirere cyo mu kirere bitera ubushyuhe bwa bolt kuzamuka, ibyo bikaba bigabanya umuvuduko w’umuvuduko ukabije wa ultrasonic, ibyo bikaba bigaragarira mu guhinduranya guhuza umurongo wa kalibrasi iburyo.Torque, byombi bigereranywa nubushyuhe buterwa no guterana urudodo, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 10. Mu mbonerahamwe ya 2, ubunini bwihinduranya ryiburyo bwa kalibrasi hamwe nubushyuhe bwiyongera bwa bolt mugihe cyose cyo gukomera birabaze.Birashobora kugaragara ko ubunini bwimpinduka yiburyo ya kalibrasi yu murongo ijyanye nurwego rwubushyuhe bwiyongera, kandi ifite umurongo ugereranije.Umubare ni 10.1.Dufashe ko ubushyuhe bwiyongera kuri 10 ° C, itandukaniro ryigihe cya acoustic ryiyongera kuri 101ns, bihuye nimbaraga za axial ya 24.4kN kumurongo wa M12 bolt.Duhereye ku buryo bufatika, hasobanuwe ko kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bizatera umutungo wa resonant ibintu bya bolt guhinduka, ku buryo umuvuduko wa ultrasonic wihuta unyuze hagati ya bolt hanyuma ugahindura igihe cyo gukwirakwiza ultrasonic.
4. Igitekerezo
Iyo ukoresheje ibinyomoro bisanzwe kandikwifungishakugirango uhindure ibiranga umurongo wa bolt, kalibrasi itandukanye iranga imirongo izaboneka kubera uburyo butandukanye.Umuvuduko ukabije wibiryo byifunguye byongera ubushyuhe bwa bolt, ibyo bikaba byongera itandukaniro ryigihe cya ultrasonic, kandi kalibrasi yabonetse iranga umurongo izahinduka iburyo ibangikanye.
Mugihe cya laboratoire, ingaruka zubushyuhe kumuraba wa ultrasonic zigomba kuvaho bishoboka, cyangwa uburyo bumwe bwa kalibrasi bugomba gukoreshwa mubyiciro bibiri bya kalibrasi ya bolt na axial force.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-19-2022