1. Ingorane mu Guteranya Insinga z'Amasasu
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, nyuma yo gusobanukirwa ubunararibonye bw'ibishushanyo mbonera by'izindi sisitemu zo guteranya zikora, sisitemu yo guteranya ikora ikora ikoresheje uburyo bwa semi-automatic yakoreshejwe, maze igice cy'imashini cya sisitemu cyakozwe neza hashingiwe ku buryo bwo kwiganaigice cy'imbere cya valveUburyo bwo guteranya. Muri gahunda yo gushushanya sisitemu, twihatira koroshya gutunganya ibice bya mekanike, kugabanya ikiguzi, gutuma guteranya ibice byoroha kandi byoroshye, no gutuma sisitemu igira urwego runaka rwo gufunguka no kwaguka, kugira ngo twongere ubwizerwe n'imikorere myiza ya sisitemu., no gushyiraho urufatiro rwiza rwo kunoza imikorere y'ikiguzi cya sisitemu.
ItsindavalveishingiroSisitemu yo guteranya igabanyijemo ibice bitatu bitewe n'imiterere yayo ya mekanike, aribyo: ibice bibiri byo guteranya ku mfuruka yo hejuru ibumoso y'intebe y'akazi, ibice bitatu byo guteranya ku mfuruka yo hasi ibumoso n'ibice birindwi byo guteranya ku ruhande rw'iburyo rw'igice cy'intebe y'akazi. Ingorane ya tekiniki y'iyi nteguro y'ibice bibiri ni uburyo bwo kwemeza imiterere y'uruziga rw'impeta yo gufunga. Mu gihe cyo gukata, izashyirwa ku ngufu zo gusohora icyuma, bityo byoroshye kuyihindura. Icya kabiri, mu gihe cyo guteranya, iyo inkoni ifite ipfundo ibonetse ku gice cy'ibikoresho byo kwimura, ni ngombwa kugenzura no guteranya hagati y'ibice bitandukanye by'ipfundo ry'umuryango binyuze mu gutigita. Kubwibyo, buri gice kiba mu mwanya ujyanye nacyo kugira ngo kibe umuyoboro w'ipfundo. Ingorane z'igikorwa ziri muri iki cyiciro. Ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru ni byo bituma igipimo cy'ibicuruzwa bifite inenge cyiyongera mu nteguro y'ipfundo ry'ipfundo ry'ipfundo muri iki cyiciro. Hashingiwe kuri ibi, iyi nyandiko itunganya inzira yo guteranya ipfundo ry'ipfundo ry'ipfundo, kandi yongeraho sisitemu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge kugira ngo inoze igipimo cy'ipfundo ry'ipfundo ry'ipfundo ry'ipfundo.
2. Gahunda yo guteranya inkingi y'amashanyarazi y'amashanyarazi
Uburyo bwo gukora na PLC bigize igice cyo kugenzura logique, kandi sisitemu yo gutahura na PLC bifite inzira ebyiri zo gukusanya amakuru y’imiterere ya sisitemu yo guteranya no gutanga ikimenyetso cyo kugenzura. Nk'igice cy'ubuyobozi, sisitemu yo gutwara igenzurwa mu buryo butaziguye n'igice cy'umusaruro cya PLC. Uretse sisitemu yo gutanga, isaba ubufasha bw'intoki, izindi nzira muri iyi sisitemu zakoze ihuriro ry'ubwenge. Imikoranire myiza hagati y'abantu na mudasobwa igerwaho binyuze muri ecran yo gukoraho. Ukurikije uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora mu gishushanyo mbonera cya mekanike, agasanduku ko gushyiramo igice cy'umuryango kiri hafi ya ecran yo gukoraho. Uburyo bwo kumenya, igice cyo hejuru cy'umuryango gifunguka hejuru, igice cyo kumenya uburebure bwa valve hamwe n'uburyo bwo gusiba byose bikikije igice cyo gukoraho ibikoresho, bigatanga imiterere y'umurongo w'iteraniro ry'umuryango. Sisitemu yo kumenya ahanini irangiza kumenya inkoni y'umuryango, kumenya uburebure bwo gushyiraho, kugenzura ubuziranenge, nibindi, bidatanga gusa uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho no gufunga igice cy'umuryango, ahubwo binatanga uburyo bwo gutuza no gukora neza kw'uburyo bwo guteranya. Imiterere ya buri gice cy'iyi sisitemu igaragara ku Ishusho ya 1.
Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo, uruziga ni ryo ihuriro ry’ingenzi ry’igikorwa cyose, kandi guteranya kw’inyuma y’uruvange rw’amashanyarazi bikorwa n’ingufu z’uruvange rw’amashanyarazi. Iyo uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gutahura bubonye igice kigomba guteranywa, bwohereza ikimenyetso kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura, maze sisitemu yo kugenzura igahuza imikorere ya buri gice cy’imikorere. Ubwa mbere, disiki inyeganyeza izunguza imvange y’umuryango ikayifungira mu kanwa k’uruvange rw’amashanyarazi. Uburyo bwa mbere bwo gutahura buzasuzuma neza impande z’uruvange zitarashyirwamo neza nk’ibikoresho bibi. Igice cya 6 kimenya niba umwuka w’inyuma y’uruvange wujuje ibisabwa, naho igice cya 7 kikamenya niba uburebure bw’uruvange rwujuje ibisabwa. Ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa muri izi ngingo eshatu zavuzwe haruguru ni byo byonyine bizafatirwa mu gasanduku k’ibicuruzwa byiza, bitabaye ibyo bizafatwa nk’ibicuruzwa bifite inenge.
Inteko y'ubwenge yaigice cy'imbere cya valveni ingorane mu bya tekiniki mu miterere ya sisitemu. Muri ubu buryo, hakoreshwa igishushanyo cya silindiri eshatu. Silinda igenzura isohoka kugira ngo irebe ko isohoka ari umwihariko; silindiri ya kabiri igenzura ko inkoni yo gufunga ijyanye n'umwobo wo gusohora, hanyuma igakorana na silindiri igenzura kugira ngo yuzuze igice cy'imbere cya valve cyinjira mu gice cy'imbere, hanyuma Silinda ya kabiri ikomeza gusunika imikorere yose yo gufunga kugira ngo igende, kandi umunwa wo gufunga uzakurura valve iyo igeze hasi mu bikoresho. Amaherezo, nyuma y'uko silindiri ya gatatu isunikiye imikorere yo gufunga mu mwanya wayo, moteri ya servo yohereza igice cy'imbere cya valve ku kanwa ka valve yo kwinjira kugira ngo yuzuze igice cy'imbere cya valve. Ubu buryo bwemeza ko ahantu ho kugenda mu gihe kirekire no ku ruhande ari heza kandi hadasanzwe, kandi butanga igisubizo cyiza ku ngorane za tekiniki zo guteranya igice cy'imbere cy'umuryango..
3. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibice by'ingenzi bya sisitemu yo guteranya imvange y'amashanyarazi
Nk'igikorwa cy'ingenzi cyo gushyirahoigice cy'imbere cya valveKuri vali, gufunga igice cy’imbere cya vali bifite ibisabwa byinshi ku bijyanye n’uburyo igice cy’imbere cya vali gihagaze, bityo bisaba guhuza uburyo bwo kugenda bw’igice cy’imbere n’icy’inyuma kugira ngo kirangire. Mu gishushanyo cy’iki gice, gihindukamo igikorwa kimwe, igikorwa cyo gusohora igice cy’imbere cya vali, igikorwa cyo gufunga igice cy’imbere cya vali n’igikorwa cyo gushyira igice cy’imbere cya vali ku munwa wa vali. Imiterere yacyo igaragara ku Ishusho ya 2. Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2, imiterere ya vali igabanyijemo ibice bitatu. Ibice bitatu bikora mu buryo buhuriweho nta kubangamirana. Iyo igikorwa cyigenga kirangiye, silinda isunika imikorere kugira ngo yimukire mu mwanya ukurikira wo guteranya.
Kugira ngo harebwe neza aho umurongo wimuka uherereye, hakoreshwa igishushanyo mbonera cyuzuye cy’igenzura ry’amashanyarazi n’umupaka wa mekanike kugira ngo hagenzurwe ikosa riri muri mm 1.4. Imbere ya valve n’imbere y’umunwa wa valve birahuza, ku buryo moteri ya servo ishobora gusunika imbere ya valve mu munwa wa valve neza, bitabaye ibyo byangiza ibice. Guhagarara kw’imiterere ya mekanike cyangwa imivuduko idasanzwe y’ibimenyetso by’amashanyarazi bishobora gutera gutandukana gato mu mirimo yo guteranya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, nyuma y’uko imbere ya valve iteranye, imikorere y’umwuka iba itaragera ku rwego rusanzwe, kandi uburebure bw’umunwa ntibuba bwujuje ibisabwa, ibyo bigatuma ibicuruzwa binanirwa. Iki kintu kirasuzumwa neza mu miterere ya sisitemu, kumenya umwuka uhuha no kumenya uburebure bikoreshwa mu gutondeka ibicuruzwa bibi..
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-09-2022
