Mu kugereranya, hatanzwe gahunda nziza cyane y’imashini isukura neza ya mashini ikora isuku ya nut nini ya reactor. Amabolt n’amabolt y’ingenzi ashobora gusuzumwa no gusigwa amavuta inshuro imwe gusa. Ihame ry’ingenzi Ihame ry’ingenzi rikoresha icyuma gikwirakwiza ibyuma kugira ngo gitere icyuma gihagaze mu buryo bwo gupakira no gupakurura. Inyo ikurikirwa n’ihame rikora. Gutahura no kumenya no gukora igishushanyo mbonera cy’iterambere ry’imigozi, ibicuruzwa bifite imyanda mike ya radiyo kandi bitwara agace gato. Ibi bikoresho byakoreshejwe neza mu ngufu za kirimbuzi, kandi bishobora guhaza byuzuye ibyo ibyuma by’ingenzi by’icyuma gitanga umuvuduko wa reactor bikenewe.
Bimwe mu bimenyetso bya RPV bihari ndetse n'ibice by'ingenziimbutoimashini zisukura ni izi zikurikira:
(1) Imashini imesa yo mu gisekuru cya mbere ya CNNC Wuhan Nuclear Power Operation Technology Co., Ltd. (izwi hano nka CNPO) ikoresha ubwoko butambitse.
(2) Ikigo cy’Ikoranabuhanga rya Optoelectronic, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Abashinwa gikoresha isuku itambitse, kandi ibikoresho bihuzwa.
(3) Ikigo cy’Ubushinwa gishinzwe ubushakashatsi n’ibishushanyo mbonera by’ingufu za kirimbuzi gikoresha isuku ihagaze.
1. Ikibazo cy'ubushakashatsi
Nyuma y'uko ubwato bw'amashanyarazi bwa nucleus bumaze igihe bukora, ibizinga bya peteroli n'indi myanda kuimigozi y'ingenzikandi imbuto zarakomeranye ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi. Iyo zitasukuwe ku gihe, ku ruhande rumwe, bishobora gutera gufatwa kw'imigozi, kandi ku rundi ruhande, bizagira ingaruka ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'igenzura rikurikiraho mu gihe cy'akazi, bigatera ibibazo mu bimenyetso no gufata ibyemezo bitari byo. Gusukura bolts n'imbuto za RPV ni imwe mu nshingano zo kwemeza ko bolts n'imbuto za RPV ziguma mu mutekano kandi zizewe igihe kirekire. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gusukura neza bolts n'imbuto za RPV.
Kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere myiza y’imashini isukura kandi ihuze n’ibyo uruganda rukenera, aho hasi hadashyirwa cyane, hadakoreshejwe imyanda myinshi kandi hatekanye cyane, nyuma yo kugereranya neza, byagaragaye ko imashini isukura ihagaze ifite sisitemu ihuriweho cyane ari yo gisubizo cyiza.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, twakoze ku giti cyacu imashini isukura icyuma gikuru cya RPV hamwe n’imashini isukura intoki ifite urwego rwo hejuru rw’imikorere ikora, ishobora kurangiza gushyira no gupakurura intoki mu buryo bwikora, gusukura ibyuma no gukamisha umuyaga, ndetse no kugenzura ibyuma no gushyira amavuta mu imashini imwe.
2. Ibibazo by'ingenzi
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, hashingiwe ku kuragwa ikoranabuhanga n'ubumenyi rusange byagezweho n'imashini zisukura zitambitse no kwemeza ingaruka zo gusukura, inzira yo gusukura iranozwa, kandi umugozi mukuru wa RPV naimbuto ihagazeHakozwe kandi hakorwa imashini isukura ifite urwego rwo hejuru rw’imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane harimo ibi bikurikira:
(1) Igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo bwo kuzamura icyuma giteranya ibyuma.
(2) Igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo bwo gushyira no gupakurura imbuto mu buryo bwikora.
(3) Uburyo bwo gukora isuku y’amaboliti n’imbuto icyarimwe.
(4) Igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo bwo kugenzura imashini ikoresha imigozi.
(5) Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya sisitemu yo kugenzura.
3. Uburyo n'Uburyo bw'Ubushakashatsi
Imashini nyamukuru yo gusukura imigozi n'imigozi ifite inshingano zo gupakira no gupakurura imigozi mu buryo bwikora, gusukura imigozi, kumisha umwuka, kugenzura imigozi y'imigozi mu buryo bugaragara no kuyisiga amavuta.
Sisitemu y'imashini imesa ihujwe cyane, kandi imiterere nyamukuru ni iyi ikurikira: Agakoresho ko gusukura bolt n'imbuto ziri hagati mu mashini imesa, kandi pompe y'ibikoresho byo gukuramo amazi y'imyanda ishyizwe hasi, kandi ikigega cyo kubika amazi n'akayunguruzo k'uburyo bwo gusukura amazi y'imyanda bishyirwa mu gasanduku k'ibumoso. , pompe ya rukuruzi, ikigega cy'amazi y'imyanda n'umufana n'akayunguruzo k'umwuka utanga umwuka n'imashini isohora umwuka. Igice cyo gufata amashusho gishyirwa hanze y'agasanduku ko gusukura bolt kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu kugenzura imigozi y'imashini. Inyubako y'akabati ishyirwa hejuru y'akabati, kandi ecran yo kwerekana ishyirwa ku mpera y'akabati ikoreshwa mu gukoresha ibikoresho. Amabolt yoza inyuma y'agasanduku kugira ngo hashyirwemo ibice byo kugenzura. Urugi rufunze rushyirwa imbere y'agasanduku ko gusukura bolt, kandi ikirahure gishyirwa ku muryango kugira ngo byorohereze kureba uko isuku ihagaze. Urugi rufunze rukandagirwa ku ngingo 3 kugira ngo harebwe ingaruka zo gufunga (reba ishusho iri hepfo).
Ibyiza by'ingenzi by'iyi mashini yo gusukura ni ibi bikurikira:
(1) Imirimo yose ishobora kurangizwa mu guterura rimwe.
(2) Imbuto ishobora gushyirwamo no gupakururwa mu buryo bwikora.
(3) Sukura imbuto n'amabati ahagaze icyarimwe.
(4) Ifite akazi ko kugenzura imashini ikoresha imigozi no gukora imbonerahamwe yo guteza imbere imigozi.
Uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa izi nyungu n'imikorere y'ingenzi buzagaragazwa mu buryo burambuye hano hepfo.
3.1 Guterura Iteraniro ry'Umugozi
Iteranya ry'ibiceri n'imbuto riva mu gikapu cyo kubikamo ibiceri rijya mu gasanduku k'ibiceri biri mu mashini isukura ibiceri n'imbuto binyuze mu gikoresho cyihariye gifite ishusho ya C (reba Ishusho ya 2).
3.2 Gupakira no gupakurura imbuto mu buryo bwikora
(1) Imiterere y'ibikoresho
Igice cyo gupakira no gupakurura imbuto cyikora kiri mu gasanduku ko gusukura. Gikubiyemo ahanini uburyo bwo gutwara bolt, uburyo bwo guterura no gupakurura bolt.
Uburyo bwo gutwara bolt bugizwe ahanini n'agasanduku k'ingenzi k'amabolt na moteri ikoresha bolt.
Uburyo bwo guterura nut bugizwe ahanini n'icyuma gifata nut, icyuma gitwara, icyuma gikurikira, screw ya trapezoidal, axis y'iyobora optique na moteri itwara screw.
Uburyo bwo gufunga icyuma gikoreshwa mu gufunga icyuma gikuru kiri mu gasanduku. Ni imiterere y'uruziga rw'uruziga rw'igice cya kabiri kandi ishyirwa ku gitereko cy'imbere cy'agasanduku ko gusukura.
(2) Ukuri kw'imikorere
Uburyo bwo gupakira no gupakurura intete, intete, intete, uburyo bukora, bushobora kuba uburyo, bushobora kwemeza ko intambi zidapfa kwangirika. Muri icyo gihe, abakoresha icyarimwe
Uburyo bwo gukuraho imbuto ni ubu bukurikira:
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Akabuto karacika ku gice cy’imigozi, agasanduku k’ingenzi, agasanduku k’ingenzi karazenguruka, kuzunguruka gukomeye, no kugenda, kandi, hamwe no gukurikirana, hamwe n’agasanduku k’imashini, gasunika aho gahurira, gasunika, gasunika aho gakurikiraho gakurikiraho gakurikirana. Kugeza ubu, igikorwa cyo gusenya akabuto k’ingenzi kirangiye.
Nashyizeho porogaramu kandi ibinyuranye nayo.
Gusukura bigabanyijemo cyane cyane gusukura imbere mu ndodo nkuru n'ibyiciro bitatu byo gusukura inyuma mu ndodo nkuru. Kubera ko indodo nkuru iherereye hejuru y'indodo nkuru, kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yo gusukura amanuka mu ndodo nkuru yanduza indodo isukuye, nyuma yo gusukura indodo n'indodo, indodo zongeraho intambwe yo koza.
(1)Gusukura imbuto
Gusukura imbuto bikorwa ahanini binyuze mu bufatanye bw'uburoso bwo gusukura imbuto n'uburyo bwo guterura imbuto. Uburoso bwo gusukura imbuto na moteri iyobora bishyirwa hejuru y'igifuniko cy'imashini isukura.
Uburoso bwo gusukura imbuto bugizwe ahanini n'umutwe w'uburoso bwo gusukura, umugozi mukuru n'icyuma gishyigikira. Umutwe w'uburoso bwo gusukura ni imiterere ya centrifugal. Iyo udazunguruka, umurambararo w'inyuma w'uburoso bwo gusukura uba muto ugereranije n'umurambararo w'imbere w'uburoso. Iyo umutwe w'uburoso uzunguruka, intebe yo gusukura uburoso irafungurwa hakoreshejwe imbaraga za centrifugal, kandi uburoso bwa nylon bushyizwe ku ntebe yo gusukura buba hafi y'uburoso. Ubuso bw'imbere bw'uburoso bw'imbere.
Mbere yuko igiti gisukurwa, uburyo bwo guterura igiti bukoreshwa mu kuzamura igiti no kugishyira mu mutwe w'uburoso bwo gusukura, hanyuma moteri yo gusukura igiti itangira kuzunguruka umutwe w'uburoso bwo gusukura. Mu gihe umutwe w'uburoso uzenguruka, igiti kinini kizamuka kikanamanuka munsi y'umurongo w'uburyo bwo guterura, kugira ngo gisukure igice cyose cy'umugozi.
(2)Gusukura bolt
Igice cyo gusukura bolt kigizwe ahanini n'icyuma giteranya uburoso bw'amapine, uburyo bwo gusimbuza uburoso bw'amapine, igikoresho gifata bolt n'igikoresho giteranya uburoso bw'amapine. Igikoresho giteranya uburoso bw'amapine gihuzwa n'icyuma gifata piston cya silinda yacyo inyura mu cyuma giteranya uburoso bw'amapine. Iyo icyuma gifata piston cya silinda igenda gisohoka, icyuma giteranya uburoso bw'amapine gihita cyegera igice cy'umugozi cy'icyuma gifata uburoso bw'amapine, kandi iyo gisubiwemo, icyuma giteranya uburoso bw'amapine kiba kiri kure y'icyuma gifata uburoso bw'amapine. Moteri itwara uburoso bw'amapine itwara uburoso bw'amapine iyobora uburoso bw'amapine kugira ngo izunguruke inyuze mu mukandara w'umukandara.
Mu gusukura bolts z'ingenzi, moteri y'ingenzi itwara bolts iyobora bolts z'ingenzi ziri ku isahani kugira ngo zizunguruke, silinda yo kuzunguruka ijyana ihuriro ry'uburoso bw'umuzingo hafi y'umugozi w'ibice bitatu by'umuzingo w'ingenzi, itangiza moteri itwara bolts, hanyuma uburoso bw'umuzingo buzunguruka ku buso bw'umuzingo w'ingenzi. Bolts z'ingenzi zishobora gusukurwa.
Mu gihe cyo gusukura, sisitemu yo gusukura amazi ijyana amazi mu muyoboro utera amazi, kandi hashyirwaho utuzingo twinshi ku muyoboro utera amazi kugira ngo amazi atera amazi akwirakwizwe neza ku buso bw'umuyoboro.
4. Ibibazo n'Ibisubizo
Mu bushakashatsi n'igishushanyo mbonera, kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y'ibikoresho, hakozwe ibizamini byinshi hifashishijwe icyuma gipima ibyuma n'imbuto nyuma y'uko ibikoresho bikozwe, kandi habonetse ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mu gihe cyo kubitunganya, kandi hafashwe ibisubizo bijyanye na byo.
(1) Gusohoka kw'agasanduku ko gusukura
Kubera ko ibikoresho ari imiterere ihagaze, ibi bitanga ibisabwa byinshi ku ifunga ry'agasanduku. Mu gihe cyo gusukura, byagaragaye ko igice cy'amazi yo gusukura cyasutse imbere mu muryango udafite umwuka n'igisenge, hanyuma kikamanuka, bigatera amazi kuva. Fata intambwe zikurikira muri uru rwego:
(2) Mu gihe cyose cyo gusukura no kumisha umwuka, umufana aba ari mu buryo bwo gukurura kugira ngo arebe ko umuvuduko w'umwuka uri mu gasanduku ko gusukura uri munsi y'umuvuduko w'ikirere kandi ko uri mu buryo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko, ibyo bikarinda kuzura kw'imyanda y'amazi n'imyanda mu gasanduku, kandi bigaha umutekano ababikora.
(3) Ubuso bw'ibice by'icyuma kitagira umugese biri mu muryango ufunze w'agasanduku ko gusukura buterwaho irangi rito cyane ridafite amazi, kandi ikirahure cy'umuryango nacyo giterwa umuti utobora amazi, kugira ngo amazi asutswe ku muryango ufunze mu gihe cyo gusukura atazafatana n'urugi n'ikirahure, bityo bikarushaho kunoza ikibazo cy'amazi asigaye ku rugi rw'umuryango agwa.
(2) Ikintu kibangamira umugozi
Mu ntangiriro, agasanduku k'ingenzi k'umugozi gakoresha imiterere y'ibice by'icyuma bifatanya. Iyo imbaraga zitwara ari nini cyane, umugozi n'igice cyo hasi cy'umugozi biranyerera bikagira uruhare mu kurinda.
Mu ntangiriro zo gutangira gukoresha amazi, amazi yakoreshejwe nk'uburyo bwo gusukura, kandi ingaruka zo gukoresha bolt nyamukuru zari nziza; mu cyiciro cya nyuma, nyuma y'uko ubwo buryo bwo gusukura bwasimbuwe n'amazi yo gusukura akoreshwa mu nganda z'ingufu za kirimbuzi, byagaragaye ko bolt nyamukuru idashobora gutwarwa no kunyerera. Nyuma yo gusesengura, uburyo bwa mbere bwo gukoresha bolt ntibwari bukwiye bitewe n'ingaruka zo gusiga amavuta y'amazi yo gusukura.
Mu guhagarika imiterere yo gufatanya icyuma ku bice by'icyuma biri ku gasanduku k'ingenzi k'umugozi, imigozi ine y'uruziga ishyirwa ku gasanduku k'ingenzi k'umugozi. Iyo umugozi mukuru uyobowe, imigozi ibiri y'uruziga inyura mu mwobo uri hepfo y'umugozi mukuru, kugira ngo umugozi mukuru ugende neza, niba umugozi munini cyane, uburinzi bushobora no kugerwaho. Muri icyo gihe, moteri ya servo iyobora umugozi mukuru nayo ifite uburinzi bw'umugozi. Iyo umugozi munini uyobora umugozi urenze agaciro kashyizweho, izahagarara kandi itange integuza.
(4) Ingaruka zo kumisha umwuka si nziza
Nyuma yo gukosora amakosa, twasanze amabati ataramye neza mu mwuka, bityo ingaruka zigomba kunozwa.
Mu kwiga uburyo ibikoresho byumye mu mwuka, byagaragaye ko mu ntangiriro zo gutangira gukoresha, uburoso bw'umugozi bugenda bwegera gusa kandi buzunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi iyo umugozi usukuwe kugira ngo ukureho ibyangiritse ku buso. Nyuma yo gutangira gukora igikorwa cyo kumisha mu mwuka, uburoso bw'umugozi buva kuri umugozi, maze umugozi wumishwa n'umwuka wihuta cyane gusa.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, umwanditsi anoza uburyo bwo kumisha umwuka. Nyuma yo gusukura, iyo amazi yo kumisha umwuka atangiye, uburoso buzunguruka bwegera icyuma gifunga hanyuma bugahindukira ku muvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo bukureho amazi yo hejuru. Nyuma ya 1/3 cy'urugendo rwo kumisha umwuka, uburoso buzunguruka buva kuri icyuma bugahagarara kuzunguruka, hanyuma bugakomeza. Uburoso buzumishwa n'umwuka wihuta cyane.
Imyitozo yagaragaje ko nyuma yo kunoza, ingaruka zo kumisha umwuka zirushaho kuba nziza cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-17-2022
