Amateka:
Imashini itunganya imiterere y’amashanyarazi imaze imyaka irenga 100. Mu 1866, ikigo cy’Abadage cyitwa Siemens cyavumbuye imashini itanga amashanyarazi. Nyuma y’imyaka ine, Umunyakanada witwa Henry Martinson, yatanze uburenganzira bwo gukoresha tekiniki yo guhuza imiterere y’amashanyarazi, atangiza inganda. Mu 1907, Dr. Franz Lawaczek yahaye Bwana Carl Schenck ubuhanga bwo guhuza imiterere y’amashanyarazi, maze mu 1915 akora imashini ya mbere yo guhuza imiterere y’impande ebyiri. Kugeza mu mpera za 1940, ibikorwa byose byo guhuza imiterere y’amashanyarazi byakorwaga ku bikoresho byo guhuza imiterere y’amashanyarazi gusa. Umuvuduko wo guhuza imiterere y’imashini itunganya imiterere y’imashini ikoresha umuvuduko uhindagurika w’imashini ihindura imiterere y’amashanyarazi kugira ngo wongere uburebure bw’imashini. Ntabwo ari byiza gupima imiterere y’imashini muri ubu buryo. Hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki no gukwirakwiza inyigisho yo guhuza imiterere y’imashini ikora neza, ibikoresho byinshi byo guhuza imiterere y’amashanyarazi byakoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima kuva mu myaka ya 1950. Imashini itunganya imiterere y’amapine y’ikoranabuhanga ryo gutandukanya imiterere y’imashini igabanya imiterere y’amashanyarazi ikuraho neza imikoranire iri hagati y’impande z’ibumoso n’iz’iburyo z’igikoresho cyo guhuza imiterere y’amashanyarazi.
Sisitemu yo gupima amashanyarazi yanyuze mu byiciro bya Flash, watt-meter, digitale na microcomputer kuva ku ntangiriro, amaherezo hagaragaye imashini yo kuringaniza yikora. Uko umusaruro ukomeza gutera imbere, ibice byinshi bigomba kuringaniza, uko umubare w'ibikoresho birushaho kuba munini. Kugira ngo umusaruro w'abakozi urusheho kunozwa n'imikorere, uburyo bwo kuringaniza bwizwe mu bihugu byinshi by'inganda kuva mu myaka ya 1950, kandi imashini zo kuringaniza zikora buhoro buhoro hamwe n'imirongo yo kuringaniza yikora buhoro buhoro byakozwe uko bikurikirana. Kubera ko hakenewe iterambere ry'umusaruro, igihugu cyacu cyatangiye kubyiga intambwe ku yindi mu mpera za 1950. Ni intambwe ya mbere mu bushakashatsi ku buryo bwo kuringaniza bwikora mu gihugu cyacu. Mu mpera za 1960, twatangiye guteza imbere umurongo wacu wa mbere wa CNC silinda esheshatu za crankshaft dynamic balance automatique, kandi mu 1970 twagerageje neza. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura microprocessor y'imashini ipima ibara ni imwe mu cyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibara ry'ubwikora ku isi.
Ubwoko bw'imbaraga rukuruzi:
Igenzura ry’imbaraga z’umurabyo muri rusange ryitwa igenzura ry’imbaraga z’umurabyo rihoraho. Rishingira ku buremere bwa rotor ubwayo kugira ngo ripime ubusumbane budahinduka. Rishyirwa kuri rotor ebyiri z’ubuyobozi zitambitse, iyo hari ubusumbane, rituma umurongo wa rotor mu gihe cyo kuzenguruka, kugeza igihe ubusumbane mu mwanya wo hasi buba butameze neza gusa. Rotor iringaniye ishyirwa ku nkunga ishyigikiwe n’icyuma gifata amazi, kandi igice cy’indorerwamo gishyirwa munsi y’inkunga. Iyo nta busumbane buri muri rotor, urumuri ruturuka ku isoko y’urumuri rugaragara n’iyi ndorerwamo kandi rukerekanwa n’inkomoko y’ikimenyetso cy’ubusumbane. Iyo hari ubusumbane muri rotor, rotor pedestal izahengamira munsi y’igikorwa cy’ubusumbane bw’ubusumbane, kandi reflector iri munsi y’insinga nayo izahengamira kandi ihindukire urumuri rugaragara, aho urumuri rugaragara ku kimenyetso cy’ubusumbane gisiga inkomoko.
Hashingiwe ku mwanya uhuza aho urumuri runyura, ingano n'aho uburinganire buherereye birashobora kuboneka. Muri rusange, uburinganire bwa rotor burimo intambwe ebyiri zo gupima no gukosora uburinganire. Imashini yo kuringaniza ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima uburinganire, kandi gukosora uburinganire akenshi bifashwa n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera nka imashini icukura, imashini isya n'imashini isudira ahantu hatandukanye, cyangwa hakoreshejwe intoki. Imashini zimwe na zimwe zo kuringaniza zakoze calibrator igice cy'imashini yo kuringaniza. Ikimenyetso cyabonetse na sensor nto y'ubukana bw'inkingi yo kuringaniza gihuye n'uburyo inkingi ihuzwa n'uburyo inkingi ihuzwa. Imashini yo kuringaniza ikomeye ni iyo ifite umuvuduko wo kuringaniza uri munsi y'umuvuduko karemano wa sisitemu yo kuringaniza. Iyi mashini yo kuringaniza ifite ubukana bwinshi, kandi ikimenyetso cyabonetse na sensor gihuye n'imbaraga zo kuringaniza z'inkingi.
Ibipimo by'imikorere:
Imikorere y'ingenzi yaimashini itunganya amapine igaragazwa n'ibipimo bibiri byuzuye: ubusumbane buke busigaye n'igipimo cyo kugabanya ubusumbane: Itsinda ry'Ubuziranenge bw'Ingano G.CM, uko agaciro kaba gato, niko ubusumbane burushaho kwiyongera; Igihe cyo gupima ubusumbane nacyo ni kimwe mu bipimo by'imikorere, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku musaruro. Uko igihe cyo kugereranya kiba kigufi, niko kiba cyiza kurushaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-11-2023
